Biomechanics and Gait Analysis,

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to biomechanics
Nick Stergiou
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The history of biomechanics
1.3 Areas of biomechanical inquiry: examples of diverse and unique questions in biomechanics
1.4 A quick look into the future of biomechanics

CHAPTER 2 Basic biomechanics
Aaron D. Likens and Nick Stergiou
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Analysis of movement
2.3 Basic terminology for analyzing movement
2.4 Basic bio considerations
2.5 Basic mechanics considerations
2.6 Summary and concluding remarks

CHAPTER 3 Advanced biomechanics
Barry T. Bates, Janet S. Dufek and Nick Stergiou
3.1 Injuries and biomechanics
3.2 Biomechanical statistics
3.3 Final considerations

CHAPTER 4 Why and how we move: the Stickman story
Barry T. Bates, Janet S. Dufek and Nick Stergiou
4.1 Briefly introducing Stickman
4.2 The Stickman’s evolution of movement
4.3 The Stickman’s performance of movement
4.4 The Stickman learns how to move
4.5 The Stickman’s mechanics
4.6 The Stickman’s goodbye

CHAPTER 5 Power spectrum and filtering
Andreas Skiadopoulos and Nick Stergiou
5.1 Introduction
5.2 A simple composite wave
5.3 Spectral analysis
5.4 Fourier series
5.5 Discrete Fourier analysis
5.6 Stationarity and the discrete Fourier transform
5.7 Short-time discrete Fourier transform
5.8 Noise
5.9 Data filtering
5.10 Practical implementation
5.11 Conclusion

CHAPTER 6 Revisiting a classic: Muscles, Reflexes, and Locomotion by McMahon
Douglas A. Rowen, Aaron D. Likens and Nick Stergiou
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Fundamental muscle mechanics
6.3 Muscle heat and fuel
6.4 Contractile proteins
6.5 Sliding movement: Huxley’s model revisited
6.6 Force development in the crossbridge
6.7 Reflexes and motor control
6.8 Neural control of locomotion
6.9 Mechanisms of locomotion
6.10 Effects of scale
6.11 Conclusion

CHAPTER 7 The basics of gait analysis
Luis M. Silva and Nick Stergiou
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The concept of skill
7.3 The skill of gait
7.4 Periods and phases of gait
7.5 Spatiotemporal parameters of gait
7.6 Determinants of gait
7.7 Conclusions

CHAPTER 8 Gait variability: a theoretical framework for gait analysis and biomechanics
James T. Cavanaugh and Nick Stergiou
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Conceptual approaches to gait variability
8.3 Gait analysis and biomechanical measurements for gait variability
8.4 Examples from clinical research
8.5 Future directions

CHAPTER 9 Coordination and control: a dynamical systems approach to the analysis of human gait
Aaron D. Likens and Nick Stergiou
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Hallmark properties of a dynamical system
9.3 A dynamical systems approach to gait analysis
9.4 Applications of relative phase dynamics to human gait
9.5 Summary and concluding remarks

CHAPTER 10 A tutorial on fractal analysis of human movements
Aaron D. Likens and Nick Stergiou
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fractal theory and its connection to human movement
10.3 Fractal analysis of time series data
10.4 Applications to laboratory data
10.5 Conclusion

CHAPTER 11 Future directions in biomechanics: 3D printing
Jorge M. Zuniga and Nick Stergiou
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Lower extremity applications
11.3 Upper extremity applications
11.4 Methods for three-dimensional printing assistive devices
11.5 Anatomical modeling for surgical planning
11.6 Fracture
11.7 Upper extremity three-dimensional printed exoskeleton for stroke patients
11.8 Implementation of a three-dimensional printing research laboratory
11.9 Current Food and Drug Administration recommendations of three-dimensional printed medical devices
11.10 Limitations
11.11 Future perspectives