Table of Contents

SECTION I: General Physiology
1. Importance of Physiology in Medicine
2. Functional Organization of Human Body and Principles of Homeostasis
3. Cell and its Functions, Intercellular Connections, Physiology of Genetics, and Apoptosis
4. Transport Mechanisms Across Cell Membrane
5. Membrane Potentials
6. Body Fluids

SECTION II: Blood
7. Introduction to Blood and Plasma Proteins
8. Bone Marrow and Hemopoiesis
9. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Structure, Functions, Development (Erythropoiesis) and Destruction
10. Hemoglobins and Blood Indices
11. Pathophysiology of Anemia and Polycythemia
12. Pathophysiology of Jaundice
13. Blood Groups and Physiological Basis of Blood Transfusion
14. White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)
15. Physiology of Immunity
16. Platelets (Thrombocytes)
17. Blood Coagulation

SECTION III: Nerve and Muscle
18. Structure and Functions of Neuron, Nerve Potentials, and Propagation of Nerve Impulse
19. Classification and Properties of Nerve Fibers, Nerve Injury and Other Applied Aspects
20. Neuromuscular Transmission
21. Muscle: Structure, Functional Organization, Excitation–Contraction Coupling and Molecular Basis of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
22. Properties of Skeletal Muscle and Applied Aspects
23. Smooth Muscle: Functional Organization, Mechanism of Contraction, and Properties

SECTION IV: Autonomic Nervous System
24. Functional Organization and Functions of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems
25. Autonomic Dysfunctions, Autonomic Function Tests and Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability

SECTION V: Cardiovascular System
26. Functional Organization of Cardiovascular System
27. Functional Anatomy of Heart, Cardiac Muscle, and Cardiac Innervation
28. Properties of Cardiac Muscle
29. Electrophysiology of the Heart, and Origin and Propagation of Cardiac Impulse
30. Electrocardiogram
31. Cardiac Cycle
32. Cardiac Output
33. Heart Rate and Arterial Pulse
34. Principles of Hemodynamics
35. Arterial System and Venous System
36. Capillary Circulation, Lymphatic Circulation and Edema Formation
37. Regulation of Blood Pressure
38. Regulation of Local Blood Flow
39. Special Circulations
40. Fetal and Neonatal Circulation
41. Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Hypotension
42. Pathophysiology of Shock
43. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

SECTION VI: Respiratory System
44. Functional Organization of Respiratory System
45. Mechanics of Breathing
46. Pulmonary Ventilation and Gas Exchange in Lungs
47. Pulmonary Circulation and Ventilation–Perfusion Ratio
48. Transport of Gases in Blood
49. Regulation of Respiration
50. Physiological Changes at High Altitude
51. Hypoxia, Cyanosis and Oxygen Therapy
52. Hazards of Deep Sea Diving and Effects of Increased Barometric Pressure
53. Respiration in Abnormal Conditions and Abnormal Respirations
54. Artificial Ventilation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
55. Pulmonary Function Tests

SECTION VII: Gastrointestinal (GI) System
56. Functional Organization of GI System and Principles of GI Regulations
57. Gastrointestinal Hormones
58. General Principles of GI Secretion and Secretion of Saliva
59. Gastric Secretion
60. Pancreatic Secretion
61. Hepatobiliary System and Biliary Secretion
62. Intestinal Secretion and Secretion of Large Intestine
63. Introduction to GI Motility
64. Chewing, Deglutition and Esophageal Motility
65. Gastric Motility
66. Intestinal Motility and Motility of Colon, Rectum and Anal Canal
67. Principles of Digestion and Absorption

SECTION VIII: Endocrine Physiology
68. Introduction to Endocrinology
69. Mechanisms of Hormone Action
70. Hypothalamus and Hypothalamopituitary Axis
71. Anterior Pituitary
72. Posterior Pituitary
73. Thyroid Gland
74. Adrenal Cortex
75. Adrenal Medulla
76. Endocrine Pancreas, Blood Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes
77. Calcium and Phosphate Metabolisms, Physiology of Bone and Parathyroid Glands
78. Pineal Gland, Thymus and Local Hormones

SECTION IX: Reproductive System
79. Sex Differentiation and Physiology of Puberty and Menopause
80. Male Reproductive System
81. Female Reproductive System
82. Physiology of Copulation
83. Physiology of Pregnancy and Parturition
84. Physiology of Breast Development and Lactation
85. Physiology of Contraception

SECTION X: Renal System
86. Introduction to Renal System and Functional Anatomy of Kidney
87. Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration
88. Tubular Functions
89. Concentration and Dilution of Urine
90. Water Excretion, Diuresis and Diuretics
91. Acidification of Urine
92. Kidney Function Tests and Pathophysiology of Renal Failure
93. Physiology of Micturition and Bladder Dysfunction

SECTION XI: Neurophysiology
94. Functional Organization of Nervous System
95. Synaptic Transmission in Central Nervous System
96. Introduction to Sensory System and Physiology of Receptors
97. Sensory Communication to Spinal Cord
98. Ascending Pathways
99. Physiology of Pain, Itch and Temperature, and Trigeminal System
100. Thalamus
101. Sensory Cortex
102. Applied Sensory Physiology
103. Introduction to Motor Physiology and Organization of Motor System
104. Muscle Spindle and Golgi Tendon Organ
105. Spinal Reflexes
106. Descending Pathways
107. Regulation of Posture and Movement
108. Basal Ganglia
109. Cerebellum
110. Vestibular Apparatus
111. Functions of Hypothalamus
112. Reticular Activating System, EEG, Physiology of Sleep and Brain Death
113. Limbic System
114. Physiology of Learning and Memory
115. Physiology of Language and Speech
116. Neocortex and Association Cortex
117. Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Brain Barrier

SECTION XII: Special Senses
118. Functional Anatomy of Eye
119. Image Forming Mechanisms
120. Photoreceptor Mechanism
121. Visual Pathway and Visual Cortex
122. Visual Acuity, Visual Field, Light and Dark Adaptations and Visual Reflexes
123. Color Vision
124. Movements of the Eye
125. Functional Anatomy and Functions of the Ear
126. Auditory Pathways
127. Mechanisms of Hearing
128. Hearing Defects and Hearing Tests
129. Physiology of Smell
130. Physiology of Taste

SECTION XIII: Integrative Physiology
131. Structure and Functions of the Skin
132. Regulation of Body Temperature and Acclimatization
133. Physiology of Exercise and Sports Science
134. Aviation and Space Physiology
135. Principles of Acid–Base Homeostasis
136. Body Fluid Volume Homeostasis
137. Growth and Development, Physiology of Stress and Aging
138. Physiology of Nutrition and Obesity
139. Physiology of Yoga and Meditation
Normal Values
Bibliography
Index